What Is Congenital Kidney Disease?
Congenital Kidney Diseases are kidney conditions with which a child is born. These conditions are passed down through genetics. The following are some of the most common congenital kidney diseases treatment:
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disease, which means that a problem with your genes causes it. PKD causes cysts to grow inside the kidneys. These cysts cause the kidneys to grow much larger than they should and damage the kidney tissue. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused by PKD and can lead to kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
There are two Types of PKD:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD):
Autosomal dominant PKD causes cysts only in the kidneys. It is often referred to as "adult PKD" because people with this type of PKD may not notice any symptoms until they are between the age of 30 and 50.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD):Autosomal recessive PKD causes cysts to grow in both the kidneys and the liver. Autosomal recessive PKD is also known as infantile PKD because babies can show symptoms of the disease within the first few months of life or even before birth.
Unilateral renal agenesis (URA)Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is defined by the complete absence of the kidney on one side and compensatory hypertrophy (overgrowth) on the contralateral (opposite) side. URA affects one to two out of every 1000 births. One of the kidneys fails to develop in utero in this condition. The majority of people with unilateral renal agenesis live healthy, normal lives with few complications.
Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA)Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) is a rare and fatal condition in which the baby's kidneys do not develop. In this condition, both kidneys fail to develop in utero.
Common Congenital Kidney Diseases May Include:
Hydronephrosis:Hydronephrosis is kidney swelling caused by a build-up of urine, which is commonly caused by an obstruction between the kidneys and the bladder.
Hydronephrosis:Cysts or fluid-filled sacs replace kidney tissue. Most of the time, only one kidney is affected, and the affected kidney shrinks and disappears. These children typically lead normal, healthy lives.
Posterior Urethral Valves:In this condition, extra flaps of tissue develop on the urethra, the tube that allows urine to leave the bladder. This issue primarily affects boys and may prevent a child from completely emptying his bladder.
Renal Agenesis:Renal agenesis occurs when a person has only one kidney. This condition frequently has no effect on the patient.
Renal Hypoplasia:Renal hypoplasia is a condition in which one or both kidneys are abnormally small, which can affect kidney function.
Ureterocele:Ureterocele is a condition that commonly affects children who have "duplex kidneys." In this case, the upper and lower parts of the kidney are separated, and each has its own ureter. A ureterocele is a blockage at the end of the ureter that prevents urine flow.
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction:A blockage has occurred where the kidney connects to the ureter. This will reduce urine flow and increase kidney pressure. This could lead to kidney function deterioration.
Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction:A blockage has formed where the ureter meets the bladder. Vesicoureteral Reflux: As the name implies, this condition involves the flow of urine back from the bladder to the kidneys.
Vesicoureteral Reflux:As the name implies, this condition involves the flow of urine back from the bladder to the kidneys.
Symptoms of Congenital Kidney Diseases:
Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) include:- High Blood Pressure
- Back or Side Pain
- Blood in your urine
- Frequent Urination
- Urinary tract infection
- Microscopic Haematuria
- Pain or Tenderness in the abdomen
- Headaches
Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) symptoms include:
- High Blood Pressure
- Proteinuria
- Defects in the inner ear, genital tract, head, or vertebrae development
- Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- Swelling in the face, hands or legs
- Haematuria
- Foamy urine
Symptoms of bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) in new born include:
- Widely separated eyes with skin folds over the upper eyelids
- Ears that are set low
- Nose that is flattened and broad
- Chin receding
- Defective limbs
- Loss of appetite
Diagnosis of Congenital Kidney Diseases:
Our Best Congenital Diseases Doctors can diagnose a congenital kidney disease using one or more of the following tests:
- Blood test
- Urinalysis
- Ultrasound
- Computed tomography(CT Scan)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Congenital Kidney Diseases Treatments:
There is no cure for congenital kidney diseases. These conditions require lifelong monitoring and treatment. If the Patient has PKD, URA, or BRA, they should avoid contact sports that involve direct impact or trauma to the back or abdomen. A low-sodium diet can aid in the management of high blood pressure.
Medications:- Blood pressure medication is used to control high blood pressure.
- Treatment for urinary tract infections with antibiotics
- Diuretics are used to remove excess fluid and salt from the body while also lowering blood pressure.
- Pain reliever for kidney inflammation-related abdominal pain
Low-sodium diet:
The Patient should eat a low-salt diet to help control their blood pressure.
Drain insertion:This interventional radiology procedure allows doctors to drain kidney cysts.
Dialysis:When the kidneys cannot perform their normal function of cleaning and filtering blood, a machine can be used to do this work for them.
Kidney transplantation:
If both kidneys become non-functional, a kidney transplant may be an option.
Our Kidney Specialist DR PRANITH RAM, Best Nephrologist in Hyderabad, performs a variety of diagnostic tests to evaluate kidney and urinary function. DR Pranith Ram's renal care centre provides your child with world-class care for Congenital Kidney Disease treatment. Our physicians and staff are known for their ability to diagnose, treat and care for all forms of kidney disease, including congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract.